I-Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT)
Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-Fecal Occult?
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okune-fecal occult blood (FOBT) kubheka isampula yendle (poop) yakho ukuhlola igazi. Igazi lemilingo lisho ukuthi awukwazi ukulibona ngeso lenyama. Futhi indle isho ukuthi isendaweni yakho.

Igazi esithweni sakho kusho ukuthi kunokopha emgudwini wokugaya ukudla. Ukopha kungase kubangelwe izimo ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise:

Ama-polyps, ukukhula okungavamile kolwelwesi lwekholoni noma i-rectum
Ama-hemorrhoids, imithambo evuvukele ku-anus noma i-rectum
I-Diverticulosis, isimo esinezikhwama ezincane odongeni lwangaphakathi lwekholoni
Izilonda, izilonda olwelweni lomgudu wokugaya ukudla
I-Colitis, uhlobo lwesifo samathumbu esivuvukalayo
Umdlavuza we-Colorectal, uhlobo lomdlavuza oqala kukholoni noma ku-rectum
Umdlavuza we-Colorectal ungenye yezinhlobo zomdlavuza ezivame kakhulu e-United States. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okunendle kungahlola umdlavuza we-colorectal ukusiza ukuthola isifo kusenesikhathi lapho ukwelashwa kungase kusebenze kakhulu.

Amanye amagama: FOBT, igazi lemimoya yendle, ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulumba, ukuhlolwa kwe-Hemoccult, ukuhlolwa kwe-guaiac smear, i-gFOBT, i-immunochemical FOBT, iFOBT; FIT

Isetshenziselwa ini?
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okune-fecal okukusebenzelayo kuvame ukusetshenziswa njengendlela yokuhlola ukusiza ukuthola umdlavuza we-colorectal ngaphambi kokuba ube nezimpawu. Ukuhlola futhi kunokunye ukusetshenziswa. Kungenziwa uma kukhona ukukhathazeka mayelana nokopha emgudwini wokugaya ukudla okuvela kwezinye izimo.

Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlolwa kusetshenziselwa ukusiza ukuthola imbangela ye-anemia. Futhi kungasiza ukuveza umehluko phakathi kwe-irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), ngokuvamile engabangeli ukopha, nesifo samathumbu esivuvukalayo (IBD), okungenzeka sibangele ukopha.

Kodwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi okunendle kukodwa akukwazi ukuhlonza noma yisiphi isimo. Uma imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa ibonisa igazi esitokisini sakho, cishe uzodinga okunye ukuhlola ukuze uhlonze imbangela yangempela.

Kungani ngidinga ukuhlolwa kwegazi okunendle?
Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo angase ayale ukuhlolwa kwegazi okunendle uma unezimpawu zesimo esingase sihlanganise ukopha emgudwini wakho wokugaya ukudla. Noma ungase ube nokuhlolwa ukuze uhlole umdlavuza we-colorectal uma ungenazo izimpawu.

Amaqembu odokotela abangongoti batusa kakhulu ukuthi abantu bathole ukuhlolelwa umdlavuza wesikhumba njalo. Iningi lamaqembu ezokwelapha lincoma ukuthi uqale ukuhlola ukuhlolwa lapho uneminyaka engama-45 noma engama-50 uma unengozi emaphakathi yokuba nomdlavuza we-colorectal. Batusa ukuhlolwa okuvamile kuze kube okungenani iminyaka yobudala engama-75. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho mayelana nobungozi bakho bomdlavuza we-colorectal kanye nokuthi kufanele uthole nini ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okunendle kuwuhlobo olulodwa noma ezimbalwa zokuhlolwa kwe-colorectal. Okunye ukuhlola kuhlanganisa:

Ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA yendle. Lokhu kuhlola kuhlola isitulo sakho igazi namaseli anezinguquko zofuzo ezingase zibe uphawu lomdlavuza.
I-Colonoscopy noma i-sigmoidoscopy. Kokubili ukuhlolwa kusebenzisa ishubhu elincanyana elinekhamera ukuze libuke ngaphakathi kwekholoni yakho. I-colonoscopy ivumela umhlinzeki wakho ukuthi abone ikholoni yakho yonke. I-sigmoidoscopy ibonisa kuphela ingxenye engezansi yekholoni yakho.
I-CT colonography, ebizwa nangokuthi "i-virtual colonoscopy." Kulokhu kuhlolwa, uvamise ukuphuza udayi ngaphambi kokuba wenze i-CT scan esebenzisa ama-x-ray ukuze uthathe izithombe ezinemininingwane engu-3-dimensional zekholoni yakho yonke kanye ne-rectum.
Kunobuhle nobubi bohlobo ngalunye lokuhlola. Umhlinzeki wakho angakusiza ukuthi uthole ukuthi yikuphi ukuhlola okukulungele.

Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwegazi okunendle?
Ngokuvamile, umhlinzeki wakho uzokunikeza ikhithi ukuze uqoqe amasampula esindle sakho (indle) ekhaya. Ikhithi izofaka imiyalelo yokuthi uhlolwa kanjani.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-fecal occult:

I-guaiac fecal occult blood test (gFOBT) isebenzisa ikhemikhali (i-guaiac) ukuthola igazi esitulweni. Ngokuvamile kudinga amasampula endle kusukela ekunyakazeni kwamathumbu okubili noma okuthathu okuhlukene.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-fecal immunochemical (iFOBT noma i-FIT) kusebenzisa amasosha omzimba ukuthola igazi esitulweni. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-FIT kungcono ekutholeni umdlavuza we-colorectal kunokuhlolwa kwe-gFOBT. Ukuhlolwa kwe-FIT kudinga amasampula endle ukusuka kokukodwa kuya kokuthathu okuhlukene kokuhambisa ithumbu, kuye ngohlobo lokuhlolwa.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo eza nekhithi yakho yokuhlola. Inqubo evamile yokuqoqa isampula yesitulo ngokuvamile ihlanganisa lezi zinyathelo ezijwayelekile:

Ukuqoqa ukuhambisa amathumbu. Ikhithi yakho ingase ihlanganise nephepha elikhethekile ozolibeka phezu kwendlu yakho yangasese ukuze ubambe ukuhamba kwakho kwamathumbu. Noma ungasebenzisa ukugoqa kwepulasitiki noma isitsha esihlanzekile, esomile. Uma wenza ukuhlolwa kwe-guaiac, qaphela ukuthi ungavumeli noma yimuphi umchamo uhlangane nendle yakho.
Ukuthatha isampula yendle ekunyakazeni kwamathumbu. Ikhithi yakho izofaka induku yokhuni noma ibhulashi lokufaka isicelo ukuze kukhulwe isampula yendle ekunyakazeni kwakho wamathumbu. Landela imiyalelo yokuthi ungaqoqa kuphi isampula esitulweni.
Ilungiselela isampula yendle. Uzogcoba isihlalo ekhadini lokuhlola elikhethekile noma ufake isifakeli nesampula yesitulo eshubhuni elize nekhithi yakho.
Ukulebula nokuvala isampula njengoba kuyaliwe.
Ukuphinda ukuhlolwa kokuhamba kwakho kwamathumbu okulandelayo njengoba kuyalelwe uma kudingeka isampula elingaphezu kwelilodwa.
Ukuthumela amasampula njengoba kuyaliwe.
Ingabe ngizodinga ukwenza noma yini ukuze ngilungiselele ukuhlolwa?
Ukuhlolwa kwe-fecal immunochemical (FIT) akudingi ukulungiswa, kodwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi le-guaiac fecal occult blood (gFOBT) kuyadingeka. Ngaphambi kokuba wenze ukuhlolwa kwe-gFOBT, umhlinzeki wakho angakucela ukuthi ugweme ukudla okuthile nemithi engase ithinte imiphumela yokuhlolwa.

Ezinsukwini eziyisikhombisa ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, kungase kudingeke ugweme:

Izidakamizwa ezingekho-steroidal, anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs), njenge-ibuprofen, naproxen, ne-aspirin. Uma uthatha i-aspirin ngezinkinga zenhliziyo, khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho ngaphambi kokumisa umuthi wakho. Ungakwazi ukuthatha i-acetaminophen ngalesi sikhathi kodwa hlola nomhlinzeki wakho ngaphambi kokuyithatha.
I-Vitamin C ngamanani angaphezu kwama-250 mg ngosuku. Lokhu kuhlanganisa i-vitamin C evela ezithasiselweni, amajusi ezithelo, noma izithelo.
Ezinsukwini ezintathu ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, kungase kudingeke ugweme:

Inyama ebomvu, njengenyama yenkomo, yewundlu, nengulube. Imithanjana yegazi evela kulezi nyama ingase ibonakale esitulweni sakho.
Ingabe zikhona izingozi ekuhlolweni?
Abukho ubungozi obaziwayo bokuhlolwa kwegazi okunendle.

Isho ukuthini imiphumela?
Uma imiphumela yakho evela ekuhlolweni kwegazi le-fecal imimoya ibonisa ukuthi unegazi esitulweni sakho, kusho ukuthi cishe wopha ndawana thize emgudwini wakho wokugaya ukudla. Kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi unomdlavuza ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ezinye izimo ezingabangela igazi esitokisini sakho zihlanganisa izilonda, ama-hemorrhoids, ama-polyps, nama-benign (hhayi umdlavuza) izimila.

Uma unegazi esitokisini sakho, umhlinzeki wakho cishe uzoncoma ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuze athole indawo eqondile kanye nembangela yokopha kwakho. Ukuhlolwa okuvame kakhulu okulandelwayo yi-colonoscopy. Uma unemibuzo mayelana nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwakho, khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri, ububanzi bereferensi, nemiphumela yokuqonda.

Ingabe kukhona okunye engidinga ukukwazi mayelana nokuhlolwa kwegazi okunendle?
Ukuhlolwa njalo komdlavuza we-colorectal, njengokuhlolwa kwegazi le-fecal, kuyithuluzi elibalulekile ekulweni nomdlavuza. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi ukuhlola kungasiza ekutholeni umdlavuza kusenesikhathi futhi kunganciphisa ukufa ngenxa yalesi sifo.

Uma unquma ukusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi okunendle ukuze uhlole umdlavuza we-colorectal, uzodinga ukuhlola njalo ngonyaka.

Ungathenga izinsiza zokuqoqa i-gFOBT kanye ne-FIT ngaphandle kwencwadi kadokotela. Iningi lalezi zivivinyo zidinga ukuthi uthumele isampula yesitulo sakho elebhu. Kodwa ezinye izivivinyo zingenziwa ngokuphelele ekhaya ukuze uthole imiphumela esheshayo. Uma ucabanga ukuthenga isivivinyo sakho, buza umhlinzeki wakho ukuthi iyiphi ekulungele wena.

Bonisa izinkomba
Izihloko Zezempilo Ezihlobene
Umdlavuza we-Corectal
Ukopha Emathunjini
Ukuhlolwa Kwezokwelapha Okuhlobene
I-anoscopy
Ukuhlolwa Kwezokwelapha Ekhaya
Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza we-Colorectal
Indlela Yokubhekana Nokukhathazeka Kokuhlolwa Kwezokwelapha
Uzilungiselela Kanjani Ukuhlolwa Kwelebhu
Uyiqonda Kanjani Imiphumela Yakho Yelebhu
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Osmolality
Ingqamuzana Legazi Elimhlophe (WBC) Endle
Ulwazi olukule sayithi akufanele lusetshenziswe esikhundleni sokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuqeqeshiwe noma iseluleko. Xhumana nomhlinzeki wezempilo uma unemibuzo mayelana nempilo yakho.