UkuqondaI-typhoidUmkhuhlane: Izimpawu, Ukudluliselwa, kanye Namasu Okuhlola I-Serological

Umkhuhlane we-typhoid yisifo esithathelwanayo samathumbu esibangelwa yi-Salmonella Typhi. Sidluliselwa kakhulu ngokudla noma ngamanzi angcolile futhi sivame kakhulu ezindaweni ezingenazo indle ehlanzekile. Izimpawu ezivamile zifaka phakathi umkhuhlane oqhubekayo, ubuhlungu besisu, ukuqubuka kwe-roseola, i-bradycardia, kanye ne-hepatosplenomegaly. Amacala amakhulu angabangela ukubhoboka kwamathumbu noma ukopha, futhi angaba yingozi ngisho nokuphila. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokungenelela kubalulekile ekulawuleni ukuqhubeka kwesifo nokunciphisa ukufa, kanti ukuhlolwa kwe-serological kudlala indima ebalulekile kule nqubo.

Imizila yokudlulisela kanye nezindawo ezivame kakhulu ukuhlasela

I-typhoidUmkhuhlane udluliselwa kakhulu ngomzila wendle nomlomo. Indle evela kubantu noma abathwali abathelelekile ithwala inani elikhulu lamagciwane, angangcolisa amanzi noma ukudla, okungenzeka athelele abanye. Lesi sifo sisasakazeke emazweni asathuthuka njenge-Afrika, iNingizimu Asia, kanye neNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinengqalasizinda yokuhlanzeka ebuthakathaka kanye nokufinyelela okunganele kwamanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile. Abahambi abaya ezindaweni ezisengozini enkulu nabo basengozini yokutheleleka uma behluleka ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele.

Izinqubo zokuhlola i-Serological zeisifo se-typhoidimfiva

Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kwesifoisifo se-typhoid Umkhuhlane unzima, njengoba izimpawu zawo zivame ukufana nezezinye izifo ezibangelwa umkhuhlane, njengeumalaleveva futhiudenga umkhuhlane. Ukwelashwa kwegazi kuyindinganiso yegolide yokuqinisekisai-typhoid umkhuhlane, kodwa le ndlela idla isikhathi (ngokuvamile ithatha izinsuku eziningana), futhi ukuzwela kwayo kuthinteka yizici ezifana nesikhathi sokuqoqa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kwe-serological kusetshenziswa kabanzi njengethuluzi lokuxilonga elengeziwe ngenxa yokushesha kwayo kanye nokulula kwayo.

1. Ukuhlolwa Okubanzi
   Ukuhlolwa kwe-Widal kuyindlela yokuhlolwa kwe-serological yendabuko yomkhuhlane we-typhoid, esetshenziselwa ukuthola ama-antibody titers ngokumelene ne-O (i-somatic antigen) kanye ne-H (i-flagellar antigen) egazini lesiguli. Amazinga e-antibody ngokuvamile aqala ukukhuphuka cishe isonto elilodwa ngemva kokuqala kwezimpawu.
   • Imfuneko yokusebenza: Kudingeka amasampula e-serum abhangqiwe avela kuzo zombili izigaba ze-acute kanye ne-convalescent. Ukwanda okuphindwe kane noma okukhulu kwe-antibody titer kubhekwa njengokubalulekile ekuxilongweni.
   • Imikhawulo: Ukuhlolwa kuncane kakhulu futhi kungaveza imiphumela engalungile (isb., ngenxa yokugonywa kwangaphambilini noma ukutheleleka ngezinye izindlela).I-SalmonellaAma-serotype). Futhi inozwela olulinganiselwe ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo.
2. Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Immunosorbent Okuxhunywe Ku-enzyme (ELISA)
   Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ubuchwepheshe be-ELISA busetshenziswe kabanzi ukuthola ama-antibodies athile e-typhoid (njenge-anti-Vi antigen IgG kanye ne-IgM), okunikeza ukuzwela okuphezulu kanye nokucaciswa.
   • Izinzuzo: Ingahlukanisa ukutheleleka okubukhali (okune-IgM) nokutheleleka kwangaphambilini noma isimo somthwali (okune-IgG). Isampula eyodwa yeserum inganikeza umphumela wokubhekisela, inciphise kakhulu isikhathi sokuxilonga.
   • Ukusetshenziswa: Ifaneleka kakhulu ezindaweni ezinezinsizakusebenza zezokwelapha ezilinganiselwe noma njengethuluzi lokuhlola ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokuqubuka kobhubhane.
3. Ezinye Izindlela Zokuhlola Okusheshayo
   Ama-quick test kits afana nokuhlolwa kwe-colloidal gold immunochromatographic nawo asetshenzisiwe, anganikeza imiphumela yokuqala zingakapheli imizuzu eyi-15-20 futhi afanelekela izikhungo zokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo kanye nokuhlolwa endaweni.

Nakuba ukuhlolwa kwe-serological kunezinzuzo zokuba okusheshayo nokulula, imiphumela yako kufanele yahlulelwe ngokuphelele ngokuhambisana nokubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo yesiguli, umlando we-epidemiological, kanye nezinye izivivinyo zelebhu (njengokukhuliswa kwegazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwama-molecular kwe-PCR) ukuze kugwenywe ukuhlonza okungalungile.

Ukuvimbela Nokwelapha

Izindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuvimbelaisifo se-typhoidumkhuhlane ukugcina inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu, ukuphuza amanzi aphephile, kanye nokugonyelwaisifo se-typhoidumkhuhlane. Uma sekutholakale ukuthi unesifo, ama-antibiotic kufanele asetshenziswe ngokushesha ukuze elashwe. Kodwa-ke, ukwanda kwezinhlobo ezingamelani nemithi eminyakeni yamuva nje kulethe izinselele ezintsha ekwelashweni kwezokwelapha.

Ngokufigqiwe,isifo se-typhoid Umkhuhlane uyaqhubeka nokusongela impilo yomphakathi ezindaweni eziningi emhlabeni jikelele. Ukuhlolwa kwe-serological, njengethuluzi elibalulekile lokuxilonga elisizayo, kulindeleke ukuthi kuthuthukise izinga lokuxilongwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwe-isifo se-typhoid umkhuhlane ngokusekelwa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe njalo, obuhlinzeka ngokusekelwa kokulawulwa okuphumelelayo kokudluliswa kwezifo.

I-Baysen MedicalKuhlala kugxilwe enkambisweni yokuxilonga ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yempilo. Sithuthukise amapulatifomu obuchwepheshe amahlanu - i-Latex, igolide le-colloidal, i-Fluorescence Immunochromatographic Assay, i-Molecular, i-Chemiluminescence Immunoassay. Ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kwe-Typhoid IgG/Igm ukuhlola ukulimala kwezinso esigabeni sokuqala.