Ubumenyi bwibanze

Antigene yamaraso itukura yumuntu ishyirwa mubice byinshi byamaraso ukurikije imiterere yabyo. Ubwoko bumwe bwamaraso ntibushobora kubangikanya nubundi bwoko bwamaraso kandi inzira yonyine yo kurokora ubuzima bwumurwayi mugihe cyo guterwa amaraso ni uguha uyahawe amaraso meza abaterankunga. Guterwa hamwe nubwoko bwamaraso bidahuye bishobora kuviramo ubuzima bwangiza ubuzima. Sisitemu yamaraso ya ABO nuburyo bukomeye bwamavuriro ayobora amatsinda yamaraso yo guhinduranya ingingo, kandi sisitemu yo kwandika amatsinda ya Rh nubundi buryo bwitsinda ryamaraso nyuma ya kabiri nyuma yitsinda rya ABO mumaraso. Sisitemu ya RhD niyo antigenic cyane muri sisitemu. Usibye guterwa no guterwa amaraso, gutwita hamwe na nyina w'umwana Rh amaraso atabangamiwe bafite ibyago byo kwandura indwara ya neolatal hemolytic, kandi kwipimisha amatsinda y'amaraso ya ABO na Rh byakozwe bisanzwe. Hepatite B yo hejuru ya antigen (HBsAg) ni poroteyine yo hanze ya virusi ya hepatite B kandi ntabwo yanduye ubwayo, ariko kuba ihari akenshi bijyana no kuba hari virusi ya hepatite B, bityo rero ni ikimenyetso cyo kuba yaranduye u virusi ya hepatite B. Irashobora kuboneka mumaraso yumurwayi, amacandwe, amata yonsa, ibyuya, amarira, ururenda rwa naso- pharyngeal, amasohoro namasohoro. Ibisubizo byiza birashobora gupimwa muri serumu amezi 2 kugeza kuri 6 nyuma yo kwandura virusi ya hepatite B nigihe iyo alineine aminotransferase yazamutse ibyumweru 2 kugeza 8 mbere. Abenshi mu barwayi barwaye hepatite B bazahinduka nabi hakiri kare mu gihe cy’indwara, mu gihe abarwayi barwaye hepatite B idakira bashobora gukomeza kugira ibisubizo byiza kuri iki kimenyetso. Syphilis ni indwara idakira yandura iterwa na treponema pallidum spirochete, yandura cyane cyane binyuze mu mibonano mpuzabitsina itaziguye. tp irashobora kandi kwanduzwa ibisekuruza bizaza binyuze mumyanya myibarukiro, bikaviramo kubyara, kubyara imburagihe, hamwe na sifilitike ivuka. igihe cyo gukuramo tp ni iminsi 9-90, hamwe nimpuzandengo yibyumweru 3. Uburwayi busanzwe ni ibyumweru 2-4 nyuma yo kwandura sifilis. Mu kwandura bisanzwe, TP-IgM irashobora kumenyekana mbere ikabura nyuma yo kuvurwa neza, mugihe TP-IgG irashobora kumenyekana nyuma yo kugaragara kwa IgM kandi irashobora kuboneka mugihe kirekire. gutahura kwandura TP bikomeje kuba kimwe mubishingirwaho mugupima kwa muganga kugeza ubu. gutahura antibodiyite za TP ningirakamaro mukurinda kwanduza TP no kuvura hamwe na antibodi ya TP.
SIDA, ngufi kuri Syndrame Yabuze Lmmuno, ni indwara idakira kandi yica yanduye iterwa na virusi ya immunodeficiency ya muntu (VIH), yandura cyane cyane mu mibonano mpuzabitsina no gusangira siringi, ndetse no kwanduza umubyeyi ku mwana n'amaraso. kwanduza. Kwipimisha antibody ya sida ni ngombwa mu gukumira ubwandu bwa virusi itera sida no kuvura antibodi. Indwara ya hepatite C, yitwa hepatite C, hepatite C, ni hepatite ya virusi iterwa na virusi ya hepatite C (HCV), yandura cyane cyane mu guterwa amaraso, inkoni y'urushinge, gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge, n'ibindi. Umubare w’ubwandu bwa HCV ugera kuri 3%, kandi bivugwa ko abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 180 banduye HCV, buri mwaka abantu bagera ku 35.000 banduye indwara ya hepatite C. Indwara ya Hepatite C yiganje ku isi yose kandi irashobora gutera indwara ya necrosis idakira na fibrosis y'umwijima, kandi abarwayi bamwe na bamwe barashobora kwandura cirrhose cyangwa kanseri ya hepatocellular (HCC). Impfu ziterwa no kwandura HCV (gupfa bitewe no kunanirwa kw'umwijima na kanseri ya hepato-selile) zizakomeza kwiyongera mu myaka 20 iri imbere, biteza ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima no ku buzima bw'abarwayi, kandi byabaye ikibazo gikomeye mu mibereho n'imibereho myiza y'abaturage. Kumenya antibodiyite ya virusi ya hepatite C nk'ikimenyetso gikomeye cya hepatite C imaze igihe kinini ihabwa agaciro n'ibizamini byo kwa muganga kandi kuri ubu ni kimwe mu bikoresho by'ingenzi byifashishwa mu gusuzuma indwara ya hepatite C.