Chidziwitso Cham'mbuyo

Ma antijeni ofiira aumunthu amasankhidwa m'magulu angapo a gulu la magazi malinga ndi chikhalidwe chawo komanso kuchuluka kwa majini. Mitundu ina yamagazi imagwirizana ndi mitundu ina yamwazi ndipo njira yokhayo yosungira moyo wa wodwala panthawi yamagazi ndikupatsa wolandira magazi oyenera kuchokera kwa woperekayo. Mitundu yamagazi yomwe imasagwirizana imatha kubweretsa kuwononga mphamvu yamphamvu kwambiri yomwe ikuchitika. Dongosolo la magazi a abo ndi njira yofunikira kwambiri yowongolera magazi kuti ithandizire mtundu, ndipo makina olemba magazi a RH ndi njira ina yachiwiri yachiwiri kwa gulu la ABO m'gulu lamagazi. Dongosolo la RSD ndi lantigenic kwambiri. Kuphatikiza pa kusasintha kokhudzana ndi gulu la magazi kwa magazi ndi pachiwopsezo cha matenda a neonatal hemolytic, ndipo kuwunika kwa aBo ndi RH ndi RH yapangidwa mokhazikika. Hepatitis B Torm Antigen (HSSAG) ndi mapuloteni akunja a hepatitis b ndipo sakupatsirana palokha, koma kupezeka kwake kumaphatikizidwa ndi kupezeka kwa hepatitis B virus. Itha kupezeka m'magazi a wodwala, malovu, mkaka wa m'mawere, misozi, matumbo am'madzi, umuna ndi ukazi. Zotsatira zabwino zitha kuyerekezera mu seramu 2 mpaka 6 patatha matenda a hepatitis b ndipo pomwe alalani aminotransferese amakwezedwa ndi milungu iwiri mpaka 8 kale. Odwala ambiri okhala ndi chiwindi B idzatembenuka mochedwa mochedwa m'matendawa, pomwe odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a hepatitis B atha kukhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pankhaniyi. Syphilis ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amayambitsidwa ndi Treponema Pellilumu Spiluum Spirochete, omwe amafalikira makamaka kudzera pakugonana mwachindunji. TP ingathenso kulowetsedwanso ku mibadwo yotsatira kudzera placenta, chifukwa chobereka, osabadwa msanga, anabadwa a syfiilitic. Nthawi ya makulidwe am TP ndi masiku 9-90, pafupifupi milungu itatu. Morbidity nthawi zambiri masabata 2-4 pambuyo pa syphilis matenda. Mu matenda abwinobwino, TP-igm imatha kupezeka koyamba ndikusowa pambuyo pochiza, pomwe TP-igg ikhoza kuwonekera pambuyo poti igm ndipo itha kukhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali. Kuzindikira kachilombo ka TP kumatsalira imodzi mwa zigawo za matenda azachipatala mpaka pano. Kuzindikira ma antibodies a TP ndikofunikira popewa kufala kwa TP ndi chithandizo cha ma antibodies.
Edzi, mwachidule chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa LMMMUMO, ndi matenda opatsirana osachiritsika ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Kuyesedwa kwa kachirombo ka HIV ndikofunikira popewa kufala kwa kachirombo ka HIV komanso mankhwalawa a ma antivies a HIV. Ma virus hepatitis c, wotchedwa Hepatitis C, hepatitis c, ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo a Hepatitis Chr, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito potengera kuchuluka kwa 3%, ndipo anthu pafupifupi 35,000 milandu ya hepatitis c chaka chilichonse. Hepatitis c ndiwofala kwambiri ndipo amatha kubweretsa matenda otupa necrosis ndi fibrosis ya chiwindi, ndipo odwala ena amatha kukhala ndi cirrhocelar carcinoma (HCC). Imfa ya HCV (Imfa Chifukwa cha kulephera kwa chiwindi ndi hepato-ma cell carcinoma) kudzapitilira kukhala ndi vuto lalikulu, ndikukhala ndi thanzi labwino komanso laumoyo. Kuzindikira kwa hepatitis C ma antibodies monga cholembera chofunikira cha chiwindi