Ihe ọmụma ndabere

A na-ekewa antigens cell ọbara uhie nke mmadụ n'ime usoro otu ọbara dị iche iche dabere na ọdịdị ha na mkpa mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa. Ụfọdụ ụdị ọbara ekwekọghị na ụdị ọbara ndị ọzọ na naanị otu ụzọ a ga-esi zọpụta ndụ onye ọrịa n'oge mmịnye ọbara bụ inye onye nnata ọbara ziri ezi n'aka onye nyere ya. Mịnye na ụdị ọbara na-ekwekọghị ekwekọ nwere ike ịkpata mmeghachi omume mmịnye ọbara na-eyi ndụ egwu. Usoro otu ọbara nke ABO bụ usoro usoro ọbara na-eduzi ụlọ ọgwụ kachasị mkpa maka ịmịnye akụkụ ahụ, na usoro ntinye ọbara nke Rh bụ usoro ọbara ọzọ nke abụọ na-esote otu ọbara ABO na mmịnye ụlọ ọgwụ. Sistemụ RhD bụ ihe antigenic kachasị na sistemụ ndị a. Na mgbakwunye na mmịnye ọbara, ịtụrụ ime na nne na nwa nke Rh na-adakọghị n'otu n'otu nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke ọrịa hemolytic ọhụrụ, na nyocha maka ABO na ọbara Rh ka emewokwa ka ọ bụrụ oge. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) bụ protein nke dị n'èzí nke nje ịba ọcha n'anya B na ọ dịghị ebute ya n'onwe ya, ma ọnụnọ ya na-esonyere ya na ọnụnọ nke nje ịba ọcha n'anya B, ya mere ọ bụ ihe ịrịba ama nke na-ebute ọrịa ahụ. nje ịba ọcha n'anya B. Enwere ike ịhụ ya n'ọbara onye ọrịa, mmiri ara, mmiri ara ara, ọsụsọ, anya mmiri, ihe nzuzo nasopharyngeal, semen na nzuzo nzuzo. Enwere ike tụọ nsonaazụ dị mma na ọbara 2 ruo ọnwa isii mgbe ọrịa nje ịba ọcha n'anya B gasịrị na mgbe alanine aminotransferase ebuliri elu izu 2 ruo 8 gara aga. Ọtụtụ ndị ọrịa nwere nnukwu ịba ọcha n'anya B ga-atụgharị n'isi mmalite nke ọrịa ahụ, ebe ndị ọrịa nwere ịba ọcha n'anya B nwere ike ịga n'ihu na-enweta nsonaazụ dị mma maka ihe ngosi a. Syphilis bụ ọrịa na-efe efe na-adịghị ala ala nke treponema pallidum spirochete kpatara, nke a na-ebute site na mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị ozugbo. Enwere ike ibunye tp n'ọgbọ na-abịa site na placenta, na-ebute ịmụ nwa, ịmụ nwa, na ụmụ ọhụrụ syphilitic. Oge nnabata maka tp bụ ụbọchị 9-90, yana nkezi nke izu 3. Ọrịa na-efe efe na-abụkarị izu 2-4 mgbe ọrịa syphilis gasịrị. Na ọrịa nkịtị, TP-IgM nwere ike ịchọta mbụ wee pụọ mgbe ọgwụgwọ dị irè gasịrị, ebe TP-IgG nwere ike ịchọta mgbe ọdịdị IgM pụtachara ma nwee ike ịnọ ogologo oge. nchọpụta nke ọrịa TP ka bụ otu n'ime ntọala nyocha ụlọ ọgwụ ruo taa. nchọpụta nke ọgwụ mgbochi TP dị mkpa maka igbochi nnyefe TP na ọgwụgwọ na ọgwụ mgbochi TP.
AIDS, nke dị mkpụmkpụ maka Acquired lmmuno Deficiency Syndrame, bụ ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala ma na-egbu egbu nke nje virus na-egbochi nje mmadụ (HIV), nke a na-ebute site na mmekọahụ na ikesa sirinji, yana site n'ibufe nne na nwa na ọbara. nnyefe. Nnwale mgbochi nje HIV dị mkpa maka igbochi nnyefe nje HIV na ọgwụgwọ nje nje HIV. Ọrịa ịba ọcha n'anya C, nke a na-akpọ ịba ọcha n'anya C, ịba ọcha n'anya C, bụ ọrịa ịba ọcha n'anya nke C, nke nje virus ịba ọcha n'anya C (HCV) na-ebute, nke a na-ebutekarị site na mmịnye ọbara, osisi agịga, iji ọgwụ eme ihe, wdg. Dị ka Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa si kwuo, zuru ụwa ọnụ. Ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrịa HCV dị ihe dị ka pasent 3, a na-echekwa na ihe dị ka nde mmadụ 180 na-ebute HCV, na-enwe ihe dị ka 35,000 ọhụrụ ọrịa ịba ọcha n'anya C kwa afọ. Ịba ọcha n'anya C na-ewu ewu n'ụwa nile ma nwee ike iduga necrosis na-adịghị ala ala na-egbuke egbuke na fibrosis nke imeju, ụfọdụ ndị ọrịa nwere ike ịmalite cirrhosis ma ọ bụ ọbụna carcinoma hepatocellular (HCC). Ọnwụ nke metụtara ọrịa HCV (ọnwụ n'ihi ọdịda imeju na ọrịa hepato-cellular carcinoma) ga-aga n'ihu na-abawanye n'ime afọ 20 na-esote, na-etinye nnukwu ihe ize ndụ nye ahụike na ndụ nke ndị ọrịa, ma ghọọ nnukwu nsogbu ahụike ọha na eze na ọha. Nchọpụta ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa ịba ọcha n'anya C dị ka akara dị mkpa nke ịba ọcha n'anya C ka ejirila nyocha ụlọ ọgwụ jiri ogologo oge kpọrọ ihe ma ugbu a bụ otu n'ime ngwa nyocha kachasị mkpa maka ịba ọcha n'anya C.