Kev kuaj mob Free Prostate-Specific Antigen (f-PSA) yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev kuaj mob urological niaj hnub no, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ntsuam xyuas qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm mob qog nqaij hlav prostate. Nws qhov tseem ceeb tsis yog ua ib qho cuab yeej tshuaj ntsuam xyuas ib leeg tab sis ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntxiv rau kev kuaj PSA tag nrho (t-PSA), txhim kho qhov tseeb ntawm kev kuaj mob thiab coj kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb hauv kev kho mob, feem ntau los ntawm kev pab kom tsis txhob muaj cov txheej txheem tsis tsim nyog.

Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb hauv kev kuaj mob qog nqaij hlav prostate yog qhov tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm t-PSA. Qib t-PSA siab (ib txwm >4 ng/mL) tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm mob qog nqaij hlav prostate, tab sis kuj los ntawm cov mob tsis muaj mob xws li Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) thiab prostatitis. Qhov no tsim ib qho "cheeb tsam grey kuaj mob," tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov nqi t-PSA ntawm 4 thiab 10 ng/mL. Rau cov txiv neej hauv qhov ntau no, kev txiav txim siab seb puas yuav mus rau prostate biopsy - ib qho txheej txheem invasive nrog rau kev pheej hmoo xws li los ntshav, kab mob, thiab tsis xis nyob - dhau los ua qhov nyuaj. Nws yog nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus no uas qhov kev xeem f-PSA ua pov thawj nws qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm f-PSA yog nws lub peev xwm los txhim kho kev ntsuam xyuas kev pheej hmoo los ntawm qhov piv ntawm f-PSA rau t-PSA (feem pua ​​​​​​ntawm PSA dawb). Biochemically, PSA muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntshav hauv ob daim ntawv: khi rau cov protein thiab dawb. Kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tas li tias qhov feem pua ​​​​​​ntawm f-PSA qis dua rau cov txiv neej uas muaj mob qog nqaij hlav prostate piv rau cov neeg uas muaj BPH. Cov hlwb malignant feem ntau tsim PSA uas nkag mus rau hauv cov ntshav thiab yooj yim khi, ua rau muaj feem pua ​​​​​​qis dua ntawm daim ntawv dawb. Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov feem pua ​​​​​​ntawm f-PSA ntau dua feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev loj hlob zoo.

Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj biochemical no yog siv los xam cov feem pua ​​ntawm PSA dawb. Yog tias PSA dawb tsawg (piv txwv li, qis dua 10-15%, nrog rau qhov txiav tawm sib txawv) qhia tias muaj feem yuav mob qog nqaij hlav prostate ntau dua thiab ua pov thawj tias yuav tsum tau kuaj qog nqaij hlav prostate. Ntawm qhov tod tes, PSA dawb ntau (piv txwv li, siab dua 20-25%) qhia tias muaj feem yuav mob qog nqaij hlav tsawg dua, qhia tias qhov nce ntawm t-PSA yuav tshwm sim ntau dua vim yog BPH. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem pom zoo kom muaj lub tswv yim saib xyuas - suav nrog kev kuaj PSA dua thiab kev kuaj lub qhov quav digital dhau sijhawm - es tsis txhob kuaj qog nqaij hlav tam sim ntawd.

Yog li ntawd, qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev kuaj f-PSA yog qhov txo qis ntawm kev kuaj mob prostate tsis tsim nyog. Los ntawm kev muab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb no, kev kuaj mob pab tiv thaiv ntau tus txiv neej los ntawm kev ua cov txheej txheem uas lawv tsis xav tau, yog li txo qis kev mob ntawm tus neeg mob, txo cov nqi kho mob, thiab txo qhov kev ntxhov siab tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam nrog kev kuaj mob thiab tos nws cov txiaj ntsig.

Dhau li ntawm thaj tsam grey 4-10 ng/mL, f-PSA kuj tseem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lwm qhov xwm txheej: rau cov txiv neej uas muaj t-PSA nce ntxiv txawm tias tau kuaj pom tsis zoo yav dhau los, lossis txawm tias rau cov neeg uas muaj t-PSA ib txwm tab sis kev kuaj mob rectal tsis zoo. Nws tau koom ua ke ntau ntxiv rau hauv cov tshuab xam zauv ntau yam kev pheej hmoo rau kev ntsuam xyuas ntau dua.

Xaus lus, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev kuaj f-PSA tsis tuaj yeem hais dhau lawm. Nws hloov qhov tshwm sim t-PSA uas tsis yog qhov tshwj xeeb mus rau hauv ib lub cuab yeej kuaj mob muaj zog dua thiab ntse dua. Los ntawm kev ua kom muaj kev faib tawm ntawm kev pheej hmoo hauv thaj chaw kuaj mob grey, nws ua rau cov kws kho mob muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab tau zoo dua, raws li pov thawj, thaum kawg ua kom zoo dua kev saib xyuas tus neeg mob los ntawm kev txo qis kev kuaj mob ntau dhau thiab kev kho mob ntau dhau thaum ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov txiv neej uas muaj kev pheej hmoo siab raug txheeb xyuas thiab kuaj mob sai sai.