Ilimin Baya

An rarraba antigens na jan jini na ɗan adam zuwa tsarin rukunin jini da yawa bisa ga yanayinsu da kuma dacewarsu. Wasu nau'in jini ba su dace da sauran nau'in jini ba kuma hanya daya tilo da za a ceci rayuwar majiyyaci yayin karin jini ita ce a ba wa wanda aka samu jinin da ya dace daga mai bayarwa. Zubar da jini tare da nau'ikan jini marasa jituwa na iya haifar da halayen haemolytic mai haɗari ga rayuwa. Tsarin rukunin jini na ABO shine mafi mahimmancin tsarin rukunin jini na jagora na asibiti don dashen gabobin jiki, kuma tsarin buga rukunin jini na Rh shine wani tsarin rukunin jini na biyu kawai ga rukunin jini na ABO a cikin jini na asibiti. Tsarin RhD shine mafi antigenic na waɗannan tsarin. Baya ga masu alaƙar jini, masu juna biyu tare da rashin daidaituwar rukunin jini na uwa-yara suna cikin haɗarin cututtukan hemolytic na jarirai, kuma an yi gwajin ƙungiyoyin jini na ABO da Rh na yau da kullun. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) shine furotin na waje na kwayar cutar hepatitis B kuma baya kamuwa da kansa, amma kasancewarsa sau da yawa yana tare da kasancewar kwayar cutar hepatitis B, don haka alama ce ta kamuwa da cutar. cutar hepatitis B. Ana iya samunsa a cikin jinin majiyyaci, tuwo, madarar nono, gumi, hawaye, sirran hanci, maniyyi da kuma sigar farji. Za a iya auna sakamako mai kyau a cikin jini watanni 2 zuwa 6 bayan kamuwa da cutar hanta B da kuma lokacin da alanine aminotransferase ya ɗaukaka makonni 2 zuwa 8 kafin. Yawancin marasa lafiya da ke fama da ciwon hanta na B za su juya baya da wuri a yayin cutar, yayin da marasa lafiya da ciwon hanta na B na iya ci gaba da samun sakamako mai kyau ga wannan alamar. Syphilis cuta ce mai saurin yaduwa ta hanyar treponema pallidum spirochete, wacce ke yaduwa da farko ta hanyar saduwa ta kai tsaye. Hakanan ana iya yada tp zuwa tsararraki masu zuwa ta hanyar mahaifa, wanda ke haifar da haihuwa, haihuwa da wuri, da jarirai masu ciwon sifili. lokacin shiryawa na tp shine kwanaki 9-90, tare da matsakaicin makonni 3. Yawanci yana faruwa makonni 2-4 bayan kamuwa da cutar syphilis. A cikin cututtuka na al'ada, ana iya gano TP-IgM da farko kuma ya ɓace bayan magani mai mahimmanci, yayin da TP-IgG za a iya ganowa bayan bayyanar IgM kuma zai iya kasancewa na tsawon lokaci. gano kamuwa da cutar TP ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin tushen ganewar asibiti zuwa yau. gano ƙwayoyin rigakafin TP yana da mahimmanci don rigakafin watsawar TP da jiyya tare da ƙwayoyin rigakafin TP.
AIDS, short for Acquired lmmuno Deficiency Syndrame, cuta ne na yau da kullun kuma mai saurin kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar garkuwar jikin dan Adam (HIV), wacce ake kamuwa da ita ta hanyar jima'i da raba sirinji, da kuma ta hanyar watsawa uwa-da-yaya da jini. watsawa. Gwajin rigakafin cutar kanjamau yana da mahimmanci don rigakafin kamuwa da cutar kanjamau da kuma kula da ƙwayoyin rigakafin HIV. Hepatitis C, da ake kira Hepatitis C, Hepatitis C, ciwon hanta ne da ke haifar da cutar hanta ta hanyar kamuwa da cutar hanta ta C (HCV), galibi ana yaɗa ta ta hanyar ƙarin jini, sandar allura, amfani da muggan ƙwayoyi da sauransu. A cewar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya, duniya Yawan kamuwa da cutar ta HCV ya kai kusan kashi 3 cikin ɗari, kuma an kiyasta cewa kimanin mutane miliyan 180 ne ke kamuwa da cutar ta HCV, tare da sabbin kamuwa da cutar hanta ta C a kusan 35,000 kowace shekara. Hepatitis C yana yaduwa a duniya kuma yana iya haifar da necrosis mai kumburi da fibrosis na hanta, kuma wasu marasa lafiya na iya haifar da cirrhosis ko ma ciwon daji na hepatocellular (HCC). Mutuwar da ke tattare da kamuwa da cutar HCV (mutuwar hanta da ciwon hanta da ciwon hanta) zai ci gaba da karuwa a cikin shekaru 20 masu zuwa, yana haifar da haɗari mai mahimmanci ga lafiya da rayuwar marasa lafiya, kuma ya zama mummunar matsala ta zamantakewa da lafiyar jama'a. Gano ƙwayoyin rigakafin cutar hanta na C a matsayin muhimmin alamar cutar hanta ta C an daɗe ana ƙima ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje na asibiti kuma a halin yanzu yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman kayan aikin gano cutar hanta.