Li, W. et al. Hyperglycemia regulates TXNIP/TRX/ROS axis via p38 MAPK and ERK pathways in pancreatic cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 14, 348–56 (2014).

Bogart, M. H., Pandian, M. R. & Jones, O. W. Abnormal maternal serum chorionic gonadotropin levels in pregnancies with fetal chromosome abnormalities. Prenat. Diagn. 7, 623–630 (1987).

I could not disagree with this statement more. We are continually told by individual patients who’ve had PSA testing done — sometimes without their consent — that they regret their prostate cancer screening and the treatment it often leads to. These men have often been harmed both physically and psychologically in ways that they are reluctant to speak about. It is the welfare of such individual men that motivates our emphasis on informed decision-making in this area. We don’t “push to minimize” screening but we do push for men to be fully informed of the implications of a decision to get tested.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are a class of short noncoding RNAs (18–25 nucleotides) that modulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and are involved in regulating several aspects of inflammation17,18. MiR-155 was among the first miRNAs linked to inflammation by virtue of its potent upregulation in multiple immune cell lineages by Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands, inflammatory cytokines, and specific antigens19,20,21,22. A wide variety of immunologically relevant targets of miR-155 have been reported, implying distinct roles in mammalian immunity. The fitness of T regulatory cells is influenced by direct repression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) by miR-15521. Overexpression of miR-155 in myeloid cells leads to myeloproliferative disorder through suppression of SHIP1 expression22. Besides, our previous study23 found that M1 macrophages demonstrated greater expression of miR-155 than M2 macrophages, suggesting functional importance for this miRNA in macrophage polarization. Despite these reported functions of miR-155 in both innate and adaptive immune cells, there has been little genetic evidence that endogenously expressed miR-155 indeed impacts inflammatory responses in vivo to date. Given the role of miR-155 in the differentiation of macrophages and the plasticity of macrophages in the development of VM, we aimed to examine whether miR-155 may affect cardiac inflammation and impact subsequent cardiac injury by regulating the inflammatory processes such as macrophage polarization. The present study provides genetic evidence to support a novel role of endogenous miR-155 in modulating macrophage polarization in a pattern that protects mice from CVB3-induced VM.

© 2017 American College of Chest Physicians Background Acute cough associated with the common cold (CACC) causes significant impairment in quality of life. Effective treatment approaches are needed for CACC. We conducted a systematic review on the management of CACC to update the recommendations and suggestions of the CHEST 2006 guideline on this topic. Methods This systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) asked the question: Is there evidence of clinically relevant treatment effects for pharmacologic or nonpharmacologic therapies in reducing the duration/severity of acute CACC? Studies of adults and pediatric patients with CACC were included and assessed for relevance and quality. Based on the systematic review, guideline suggestions were developed and voted on using the American College of Chest Physicians organization methodology. Results Six systematic reviews and four primary studies identified from updated literature searches for each of the reviews or from hand searching were included and reported data on 6,496 participants with CACC who received one or more of a variety of interventions. The studies used an assortment of descriptors and assessments to identify CACC. Conclusions The evidence supporting the management of CACC is overall of low quality. This document provides treatment suggestions based on the best currently available evidence and identifies gaps in our knowledge and areas for future research.

Anti-Zionism=Anti-Semitism no matter how much JVP tries to bullshit that away. An’ the rhymin’ might such, but it keeps up with Jimmy Page’s riffs and that is all that counts!https://giphy.com/gifs/ZKjTKFmtiZwwE/html5

I hope that fellow Engineers recognise the outstanding combination of skills, abilities, knowledge, application, systems analysis, experience and experiences -I could and we all should go on…that are ALL aimed at excellence. Advances in materials, computing skills, taking each aspect to the ultimate to achieve success, optimization of knowledge and its integration to create world-beating situations: many of these not even known let alone used at the start of my career -55 years but still counting. Here it comes, I hear you say! Mike is going to draw a comparison. Indeed he is! There is a pivotal aspect to the proper advance of our society and Nation -the election and control of our ‘leadership- which last altered its ‘ways’ about 300 years ago: and as we have all recently been a party to -still believes that a cross on a paper written by a pencil (tied to the booth?) and hand counted is the best way to advance Britannia. Words like Rip Van Winkle come to my mind? Take the skill, and courage of these sporting based giants and put such to make other elements of our society ‘fit-for-purpose’ and who knows what may result. The shams certainly do, because they see the end of their absolute control happening overnight! I read recently that the Palace of Westminster -crumbling, decrepit, outdated, poorly maintained, botched, you get the idea is a perfect analogy (simile? metaphor -we are only simple Engineers) of the political process that still clutters up its ‘halls’ Cromwell had the right idea: “be gone!” and I hope our profession says the same and soon.

BACKGROUND: A key component of many asthma management guidelines is the recommendation for patient education and regular medical review. A number of controlled trials have been conducted to measure the effectiveness of asthma education programmes. These programmes improve patient knowledge, but their impact on health outcomes is less well established. At its simplest level, education is limited to the transfer of information about asthma, its causes and its treatment. This review focused on the effects of limited asthma education. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review was to assess the effects of limited (i.e. information only) asthma education on health outcomes in adults with asthma. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Airways Group trials register and reference lists of articles. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised and controlled trials of individual asthma education involving information transfer only in adults over 16 years of age. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Trial quality was assessed and two reviewers extracted data independently. Study authors were contacted for missing information. MAIN RESULTS: Twelve trials were included. They were of variable quality. Limited asthma education did not reduce hospitalisation for asthma (weighted mean difference -0.03 average hospitalisations per person per year, 95% confidence interval -0.09 to 0.03). There was no significant effect on doctor visits, lung function and medication use. The effects on asthma symptoms were variable. There was no reduction in days lost from normal activity, but in two studies, perceived asthma symptoms did improve after limited asthma education (odds ratio 0.44, 95% confidence interval 0.26 to 0.74). In one study, limited asthma education was associated with reduced emergency department visits (reduction of -2.76 average visits per person per year, 95% confidence interval -4.34 to 1.18). REVIEWER’S CONCLUSIONS: Use of limited asthma education as it has been practiced does not appear to improve health outcomes in adults with asthma although perceived symptoms may improve. Provision of information in the emergency department may be effective, but this needs to be confirmed.

© 2017 American College of Chest Physicians Background Cough among patients with lung cancer is a common but often undertreated symptom. We used a 2015 Cochrane systematic review, among other sources of evidence, to update the recommendations and suggestions of the American College of Chest Physicians (CHEST) 2006 guideline on this topic. Methods The CHEST methodologic guidelines and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation framework were used. The Expert Cough Panel based their recommendations on data from the Cochrane systematic review on the topic, uncontrolled studies, case studies, and the clinical context. Final grading was reached by consensus according to the Delphi method. Results The Cochrane systematic review identified 17 trials of primarily low-quality evidence. Such evidence was related to both nonpharmacologic (cough suppression) and pharmacologic (demulcents, opioids, peripherally acting antitussives, or local anesthetics) treatments, as well as endobronchial brachytherapy. Conclusions Compared with the 2006 CHEST Cough Guideline, the current recommendations and suggestions are more specific and follow a step-up approach to the management of cough among patients with lung cancer, acknowledging the low-quality evidence in the field and the urgent need to develop more effective, evidence-based interventions through high-quality research.

Could new screening and diagnostic techniques reduce the harms and burden of the diagnostic procedure by better identifying non-progressive and slowly progressive cancer from cancer that is likely to become symptomatic and affect quality or length of life? These strategies may include genetic markers or biomarkers, risk stratification tools, or MRI guided biopsy.32 For example, two recent high quality studies on MRI guided biopsy have shown encouraging results of MRI to reduce overdiagnosis,3334 but the impact of this strategy on long term, patient-important outcomes (such as prostate cancer incidence, mortality, and complications of treatment) remains uncertain.

In terms of resolution, it seems we’re settling into a sweet spot for 2018. We’ve seen 4K panels from Sony in the past, but even its latest XZ2 has pulled back on the resolution (and rightly so). The P20 Pro delivers what’s called Full HD+, meaning it has the usual 1080 rows, but the extra height of this panel’s aspect ratio means more pixels to accommodate and retain a Full HD equivalent over a different scale. It works perfectly well to our eyes. No, it’s not quite as bright as Samsung’s S9, but the Huawei’s viewing angles are great and the colours punch (plus you can adjust the colour caste via the software to suit warmer or cooler tastes).

Guidelines vary in their recommendations on PSA testing (see table 1). The Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care recommends against PSA screening for men aged 55 to 69 years.8 However, the US Preventive Services Task Force recently changed its guidance to say that “the decision about whether to be screened for prostate cancer should be an individual one,” without clearly suggesting for or against screening9: previously it recommended against screening in that group. National Cancer Center Network (NCCN) guidelines (which represents cancer centres in the USA) recommends initiating PSA screening at age 45 years.10 Guidelines from the American Urological Association (AUA)11 and European Association of Urology (EAU)12 recommend a discussion about PSA screening with patients.