PS leaves were washed with tap water and dried at ambient temperature for 24 to 36 hours. Dried leaves extraction procedures were done at the FRIM laboratory. An amount of 100 grams of dried leaves were added to 900 ml of distilled water and boiled at 80°C for three hours and then concentrated, followed by freeze-drying. The powdered form extract was formulated to Kadukmy™ and stored at 4°C until use. Two tests were performed for testing the antioxidant activity of Kadukmy™ throughout the study, and at the end of the study the antioxidant activity of Kadukmy™ were 96.21 ± 0.88% by DPPH radical scavenging and 95.69 ± 0.18% by superoxide scavenging method.

Chứng nhận bản quyền tác giả số 280/2009/QTG ngày 16/02/2009, cấp bởi Bộ Văn hoá – Thể thao – Du lịch

On the part of the Zionists and other supporters of Israel there are two optional arguments: One, it wasn’t settler colonialism. Two, it *was* settler-colonialism, and it is harmful, but it’s justified/OK because the survival of the Jewish people depends on it. The first argument can be easily refuted with historical facts. The second is a moral one.

I remember many years ago sitting through a seminar at Macquarie University in Sydney during my Honours studies in Politics. That particular seminar focused on Western colonialism in the South Pacific, and modern Western imperialism in general. I remember one thing vividly from that class that remained etched into my mind. It was a question that the lecturer asked us repeatedly and insistently. ‘Why is it so important for indigenous people to maintain their identity? What is so bad with a particular way of life or culture disappearing?’

Dengue is the most prevalent arboviral disease in humans, with 3.6 billion people living in areas with a significant risk of disease transmission and an estimated 390 million dengue virus infections and 96 million dengue cases annually (1). Dengue is endemic in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world due to the adaptability of Aedes mosquitoes in the human living environment. Due to global warming and climate change, a geographic expansion of the dengue epidemic beyond tropical regions has been observed (2). Dengue is caused by infection with the dengue virus (DENV), which belongs to the family Flaviviridae and genus flavivirus. There are four antigenically distinct serotypes of dengue virus (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4), which may cocirculate in these regions where the dengue is hyperendemic. Rapid urbanization over the past decades has facilitated endemicity, as dengue is predominantly found in semiurban and urban areas (3). Dengue virus infection was predominantly a pediatric disease in Southeast Asia and western Pacific regions (4), where children of less than 15 years of age were at a higher risk of infection and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) than adults (5). However, over the years, there has been a gradual increase in reports of dengue among older children and young adults age 15 years and above in Singapore (6–8), Vietnam (9), and Thailand (10–13).

Fulurija, A., Ashman, R. B. & Papadimitriou, J. M. Neutrophil depletion increases susceptibility to systemic and vaginal candidiasis in mice, and reveals differences between brain and kidney in mechanisms of host resistance. Microbiology 142 (Pt 12), 3487–3496 (1996).

Thuny, F. et al. Post-Conditioning Reduces Infarct Size and Edema in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 59, 2175–2181 (2012).

Sutmuller, R. P. et al. Toll-like receptor 2 controls expansion and function of regulatory T cells. J. Clin. Invest. 116, 485–494 (2006).

Quantitative sputum cell counts from patients with asthma and chronic bronchitis were performed and found to be reproducible. Sputum from carefully characterized subjects with asthma contained large numbers of eosinophils and formalin-sensitive metachromatic (mast) cells. In contrast, the macrophage was the dominant cell type in the sputum from smokers with chronic bronchitis. In a third group of patients with corticosteroid responsive-chronic cough and normal methacholine airway responsiveness the sputum contained eosinophils and metachromatic cells, similar to the asthmatic subjects. Sputum cell counts are a useful, noninvasive method for the identification of this pattern of inflammatory response in patients with airway diseases.

In addition half the Jews in Israel originated from North Africa and the Middle East from which they were ethnically cleansed by the Arabs after 1948.

Nonstructural (NS) 1 protein is a highly conserved 46- to 55-kDa glycoprotein that is critical to form the dengue virus particles. NS1 is eventually secreted as a soluble hexamer from DENV-infected cells and circulates in the bloodstream of infected patients. During the viremia phase of dengue virus infection, NS1 antigen is produced concomitantly during the virus replication process and is likely to be present in the bloodstream 2 to 3 days longer after the viremia phase. In addition, the fact that NS1 is more stable than viral RNA, makes NS1 antigen a more common target for detection during outbreak in the field (Fig. 1). The detection of NS1 antigen has been used to rapidly diagnose acute dengue (31). A number of commercially available NS1 ELISAs and lateral flow rapid tests are available, and these tests required approval by the FDA or CE before they can be used for diagnostic purposes. There has been various studies comparing these POCT kits with different reference tests, with sensitivities ranging widely from 18.6 to 96.9% and specificities ranging from 53 to 100% (32–39) (Table 2). One study in Malaysia reported that the SD dengue NS1 Ag ELISA kit produced by Standard Diagnostics, Inc., South Korea, has a higher sensitivity of 77% and a specificity of 98% (39) compared to another study which reported that the SD Bioline dengue Duo (IgG/IgM + NS1 Ag) test has a sensitivity of 30.8% and a specificity of 73.3%. However, it should be emphasized that ELISAs use serum samples that would still require a laboratory to process. As a result, this would take a much longer time for diagnosis than the SD Bioline dengue Duo test to guide clinical management in an outbreak.

C’mon, “Nathan”, toughen up. Were the Belgians bothered by all those stories about the Congo? Did the French give up because a few people were concerned about the Algerians? Did South Africa get all famischt about civil rights when it came time to grab the diamonds and gold in South Africa? It’s a tough business.