https://www.theguardian.com/global/commentisfree/2018/jan/18/fear-donald-trump-us-president-art-of-the-deal

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© 2015 Asian Pacific Society of Respirology. Background and objective Neutrophilic inflammation has been implicated in non-eosinophilic asthma (NEA) in adults, but little is known about NEA in children/adolescents. We assessed clinical and inflammatory characteristics of NEA in adolescent asthma. Methods Airway inflammation, sputum endotoxin, airway hyper-reactivity, atopy and lung function were assessed in 77 adolescents with asthma and 68 without asthma (12-17 years). Asthma was identified on the basis of wheeze and asthma history. Results The proportion of NEA (sputum eosinophils <2.5%) was 54%. In this group, atopy, sputum neutrophil, eosinophil, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), endotoxin, neutrophil elastase and IL-8 levels were not different from those without asthma. In contrast, eosinophilic asthma (EA) was associated with atopy and sputum ECP and IL-8. The majority of NEA had no evidence of inflammation; only 14% had neutrophilia (=61% neutrophils), compared with 11% of EA, and 15% of those without asthma. Small differences in FEV1 (NS) were found between EA and NEA, but symptom prevalence and severity was not different (63% of EA and 52% of NEA were classified moderate to severe). Conclusion NEA is common in adolescent asthma and has similar clinical characteristics as EA. Neutrophils do not appear to play a role in NEA in adolescents, and underlying mechanisms may not involve airway inflammation. Our study suggests that many adolescents with stable asthma do not appear to correspond to the conventional notion that asthma is ‘an inflammatory disorder of the airways’. In the absence of overt inflammation, the mechanisms responsible for asthma symptoms in a large proportion of adolescent with asthma remain unknown.

In an effort to understand this in greater detail, and to actually determine the final flying shape of the wing, the team deployed tools originally developed by main technical partner JLR for designing the roofs of convertible cars.

© 2014 American College of Chest Physicians. This overview will demonstrate that cough is a common and potentially expensive healthcare problem. Improvement in the quality of care… [more]

Dongo, E., Hornyak, I., Benko, Z. & Kiss, L. The cardioprotective potential of hydrogen sulfide in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (review). Acta Physiol Hung. 98, 369–381 (2011).

As shown in Fig. 4A, expression of the phosphorylated p38 increased rapidly within an hour of hMrp8 stimulation in naïve human monocytes. Pre-stimulation of human monocytes with hMrp8 led to a substantial reduction in phosphorylated p38 at 30 and 60 min after re-stimulation with hMrp8 compared with naïve cells. Levels of the phosphorylated IκBα also increased rapidly after stimulation with hMrp8 in naive cells; however, pre-stimulation of human monocytes with hMrp8 did not attenuate IκB-α phosphorylation in response to hMrp8 re-stimulation (Fig. 4A). The same experiment was repeated using LPS as the re-stimulant to investigate the intracellular mechanism during hMrp8-induced cross-tolerance. Again, phosphorylation of p38 in response to LPS re-stimulation was downregulated in hMrp8-tolerised human monocytes compared with naïve cells, but IκBα phosphorylation was unaltered or even slightly enhanced by hMrp8 pre-stimulation (Fig. 4B).

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Scott, C. C., Vacca, F. & Gruenberg, J. Endosome maturation, transport and functions. Semin Cell Dev Biol 31C, 2–10 (2014).

Screening for prostate cancer with the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test, once widely promoted for all men 50 years and older, has fallen out of favor as a population-based screening tool. But when it comes to PSA testing, the proverbial baby shouldn’t be thrown out with the bathwater, experts caution.

(a) The absorbance of mitochondria at 5 different time points following 3 min of reperfusion. (b) The absorbance of mitochondria following at 5 different time points following 30 min of reperfusion. (c) Western blot analysis of the expression levels of Cyt-c. (d) Densitometry of Western blot bands in the blots normalized by that of β-actin. The gels were run under the same experimental conditions. Data represent means ± SD. *P < 0.05 vs. the R/I group, #P < 0.05 vs. the M-Post group.

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